kqcircuits.simulations.simulation

class kqcircuits.simulations.simulation.Simulation(layout, **kwargs)[source]

Bases: object

Base class for simulation geometries.

Generally, this class is intended to be subclassed by a specific simulation implementation; the implementation defines the simulation geometry ad ports in build.

A convenience class method Simulation.from_cell is provided to create a Simulation from an existing cell. In this case no ports will be added.

Initialize a Simulation.

The initializer parses parameters, creates a top cell, and then calls self.build to create the simulation geometry, followed by self.create_simulation_layers to process the geometry so it is ready for exporting.

Parameters

layout – the layout on which to create the simulation

Keyword Arguments

**kwargs –

Any parameter can be passed as a keyword argument.

In addition, cell can be passed as keyword argument. If cell is supplied, it will be used as the top cell for the simulation. Otherwise, a new cell will be created. See Simulation.from_cell for creating simulations from existing cells.

LIBRARY_NAME = None
ports: List[kqcircuits.simulations.port.Port]
classmethod from_cell(cell, margin=300, grid_size=1, **kwargs)[source]

Create a Simulation from an existing cell.

Parameters

  • cell – existing top cell for the Simulation

  • margin – distance (μm) to expand the simulation box (ground plane) around the bounding box of the cell If the box keyword argument is given, margin is ignored.

  • grid_size – size of the simulation box will be rounded to this resolution If the box keyword argument is given, grid_size is ignored.

  • **kwargs – any simulation parameters passed

Returns

Simulation instance

abstract build()[source]

Build simulation geometry.

This method is to be overridden, and the overriding method should create the geometry to be simulated and add any ports to self.ports.

classmethod get_schema(noparents=False)

Returns the combined parameters of the class “cls” and all its ancestor classes.

Parameters

noparents – If True then only return the parameters of “cls”, not including ancestors.

face(face_index=0)

Returns the face dictionary corresponding to self.face_ids[face_index].

The face dictionary contains key “id” for the face ID and keys for all the available layers in that face.

Parameters

face_index – index of the face_id in self.face_ids, default=0

insert_cell(cell, trans=None, inst_name=None, label_trans=None, align_to=None, align=None, rec_levels=0, **parameters)

Inserts a subcell into the present cell.

It will use the given cell object or if cell is an Element class’ name then directly take the provided keyword arguments to first create the cell object.

If inst_name given, the refpoints of the cell are added to the self.refpoints with inst_name as a prefix, and also adds a label inst_name to “`”labels layer” at the base refpoint and label_trans transformation.

Parameters

  • cell – cell object or Element class name

  • trans – used transformation for placement. None by default, which places the subcell into the coordinate origin of the parent cell. If align and align_to arguments are used, trans is applied to the cell before alignment transform which allows for example rotation of the cell before placement.

  • inst_name – possible instance name inserted into subcell properties under id. Default is None

  • label_trans – relative transformation for the instance name label

  • align_to – location in parent cell coordinates for alignment of cell. Can be either string indicating the parent refpoint name, DPoint or DVector. Default is None

  • align – name of the cell refpoint aligned to argument align_to. Default is None

  • rec_levels – recursion level when looking for refpoints from subcells. Set to 0 to disable recursion.

  • **parameters – PCell parameters for the element, as keyword argument

Returns

tuple of placed cell instance and reference points with the same transformation

get_refpoints(cell, cell_transf=r0 0, 0, rec_levels=None)

See get_refpoints.

add_element(cls, **parameters)

Create a new cell for the given element in this layout.

Parameters

  • cls – Element subclass to be created

  • **parameters – PCell parameters for the element as keyword arguments

Returns

the created cell

get_layer(layer_name, face_id=0)

Returns the specified Layer object.

Parameters

  • layer_name – layer name text

  • face_id – index of the face id, default=0

pcell_params_by_name(cls=None, **parameters)

Give PCell parameters as a dictionary.

Parameters

  • cls – Return only parameters present in this class. All by default.

  • **parameters – Optionally update with other keyword arguments

Returns

A dictionary of all PCell parameter names and corresponding current values.

create_simulation_layers()[source]

Create the layers used for simulation export.

Based on any geometry defined on the relevant lithography layers.

This method is called from __init__ after build, and should not be called directly.

Geometry is added to the following layers:

  • For each face b and t, the inverse of base_metal_gap_wo_grid is divided into

    • simulation_ground, containing any metalization not galvanically connected to a port

    • simulation_signal, containing the remaining metalization.

  • simulation_airbridge_pads, containing the geometry of airbridge_pads

  • simulation_airbridge_flyover, containing the geometry of airbridge_flyover

In the simulation layers, all geometry has been merged and converted to simple polygons (that is, polygons without holes).

produce_ground_on_face_grid(box, face_id)[source]

Produces ground grid in the given face of the chip.

Parameters

  • box – pya.DBox within which the grid is created

  • face_id (str) – ID of the face where the grid is created

produce_waveguide_to_port(location, towards, port_nr, side=None, use_internal_ports=None, waveguide_length=None, term1=0, turn_radius=None, a=None, b=None, over_etching=None, airbridge=False, face=0)[source]

Create a waveguide connection from some location to a port, and add the corresponding port to simulation.ports.

Parameters

  • location (pya.DPoint) – Point where the waveguide connects to the simulation

  • towards (pya.DPoint) – Point that sets the direction of the waveguide. The waveguide will start from location and go towards towards

  • port_nr (int) – Port index for the simulation engine starting from 1

  • side (str) – Indicate on which edge the port should be located. Ignored for internal ports. Must be one of left, right, top or bottom

  • use_internal_ports (bool, optional) – if True, ports will be inside the simulation. If False, ports will be brought out to an edge of the box, determined by side. Defaults to the value of the use_internal_ports parameter

  • waveguide_length (float, optional) – length of the waveguide (μm), used only for internal ports Defaults to the value of the waveguide_length parameter

  • term1 (float, optional) – Termination gap (μm) at location. Default 0

  • turn_radius (float, optional) – Turn radius of the waveguide. Not relevant for internal ports. Defaults to the value of the r parameter

  • a (float, optional) – Center conductor width. Defaults to the value of the a parameter

  • b (float, optional) – Conductor gap width. Defaults to the value of the b parameter

  • over_etching (float, optional) – Expansion of gaps. Defaults to the value of the over_etching parameter

  • airbridge (bool, optional) – if True, an airbridge will be inserted at location. Default False.

  • face – face to place waveguide and port on. Either 0 (default) or 1, for bottom or top face.

get_parameters()[source]

Return dictionary with all parameters and their values.

etched_line(p1: klayout.dbcore.DPoint, p2: klayout.dbcore.DPoint)[source]

Return the end points of line segment after extending it at both ends by amount of over_etching. This function must be used when initializing InternalPort.

Parameters

  • p1 (pya.DPoint) – first end of line segment

  • p2 (pya.DPoint) – second end of line segment

Returns

list of extended end points.

Return type

[p1 - d, p2 + d]

get_port_data()[source]

Return the port data in dictionary form and add the information of port polygon

Returns

list of port data dictionaries

  • Items from Port instance

  • polygon: point coordinates of the port polygon

  • signal_edge: point coordinates of the signal edge

  • ground_edge: point coordinates of the ground edge

Return type

port_data(list)

get_simulation_data()[source]

Return the simulation data in dictionary form.

Returns

simulation_data

  • gds_file(str): self.name + ‘.gds’,

  • stack_type(str): self.wafer_stack_type,

  • units(str): ‘um’, # hardcoded assumption in multiple places

  • substrate_height(float): self.substrate_height,

  • airbridge_height(float): self.airbridge_height,

  • box_height(float): self.box_height,

  • permittivity(float): self.permittivity,

  • vertical_over_etching(float): self.vertical_over_etching

  • box(pya.DBox): self.box,

  • ports(list): dictionary (see self.get_port_data)

  • parameters(dict): dictionary (see self.get_parameters),

if wafer stack type is ‘multiface data’, simulation_data contains also

  • substrate_height_top(float): simulation.substrate_height_top,

  • chip_distance(float): simulation.chip_distance,

Return type

dict

static delete_instances(cell, name, index=(0,))[source]

Allows for deleting a sub-cell of the top ‘cell’ with a specific ‘name’. The ‘index’ argument can be used to access more than one sub-cell sharing the same ‘name’, but with different appended ‘index’ to the ‘name’.

PCell parameters:

  • box (Shape) - Border, default=(0,0;10000,10000)

  • ground_grid_box (Shape) - Border, default=(0,0;10000,10000)

  • with_grid (Boolean) - Make ground plane grid, default=False

  • name (String) - Name of the simulation, default=Simulation

  • use_ports (Boolean) - Turn off to disable all ports (for debugging), default=True

  • use_internal_ports (Boolean) - Use internal (lumped) ports. The alternative is wave ports., default=True

  • port_size (Double) - Width (um) of wave ports, default=400.0

  • box_height (Double) - Height (um) of vacuum above chip in case of single chip., default=1000.0

  • substrate_height (Double) - Height (um) of the bottom substrate., default=550.0

  • permittivity (Double) - Permittivity of the substrates., default=11.45

  • wafer_stack_type (Double) - Defines whether to use single chip (‘planar’) or flip chip (‘multiface’)., default=planar

  • chip_distance (Double) - Height (um) of vacuum between two chips in case of flip chip., default=8.0

  • substrate_height_top (Double) - Height (um) of the substrate of the top chip in case of flip chip., default=375.0

  • airbridge_height (Double) - Height (um) of airbridges., default=3.4

  • waveguide_length (Double) - Length of waveguide stubs or distance between couplers and waveguide turning point, default=100

  • over_etching (Double) - Expansion of metal gaps (negative to shrink the gaps)., default=0, unit=μm

  • vertical_over_etching (Double) - Vertical over-etching into substrates at gaps., default=0, unit=μm

  • minimum_point_spacing (Double) - Tolerance (um) for merging adjacent points in polygon, default=0.01

  • polygon_tolerance (Double) - Tolerance (um) for merging adjacent polygons in a layer, default=0.004

  • junction_total_length (Double) - Simulation junction total length, default=33, unit=µm

  • a (Double) - Width of center conductor, default=10, unit=μm

  • b (Double) - Width of gap, default=6, unit=μm

  • n (Int) - Number of points on turns, default=64

  • r (Double) - Turn radius, default=100, unit=μm

  • margin (Double) - Margin of the protection layer, default=5, unit=μm

  • face_ids (List) - Chip face IDs list, default=['1t1', '2b1', '1b1', '2t1']

  • display_name (String) - Name displayed in GUI (empty for default), default=

  • protect_opposite_face (Boolean) - Add opposite face protection too, default=False

../_images/kqcircuits.simulations.simulation.png