iqm.iqm_client.models.Instruction

class iqm.iqm_client.models.Instruction(*, name: str, implementation: str | None = None, qubits: tuple[str, ...], args: dict[str, Any])

Bases: BaseModel

Native quantum operation instance with particular arguments and locus.

This class represents a native quantum operation acting on qubits, with the arguments args. The operation is determined by name.

We currently support the following native operations:

name	# of qubits	args	description
measure	>= 1	key: str, feedback_key: str	Measurement in the Z basis.
prx	1	angle_t: float, phase_t: float	Phased x-rotation gate.
cc_prx	1	angle_t: float, phase_t: float, feedback_qubit: str, feedback_key: str	Classically controlled PRX gate.
cz	2		Controlled-Z gate.
move	2		Moves a qubit state between a qubit and a computational resonator, as long as at least one of the components is in the \(|0\rangle\) state.
barrier	>= 1		Execution barrier.

For each Instruction you may also optionally specify implementation, which contains the name of an implementation of the operation to use. Support for multiple implementations is currently experimental and in normal use the field should be omitted, this selects the default implementation for the operation for that locus.

Measure

Measurement in the computational (Z) basis. The measurement results are the output of the circuit. Takes two string arguments: key, denoting the measurement key the returned results are labeled with, and feedback_key, which is only needed if the measurement result is used for classical control within the circuit. All the measurement keys and feedback keys used in a circuit must be unique (but the two groups of keys are independent namespaces). Each qubit may be measured multiple times, i.e. mid-circuit measurements are allowed.

Example

Instruction(name='measure', qubits=('alice', 'bob', 'charlie'), args={'key': 'm1'})

PRX

Phased x-rotation gate, i.e. an x-rotation conjugated by a z-rotation. Takes two arguments, the rotation angle angle_t and the phase angle phase_t, both measured in units of full turns (\(2\pi\) radians). The gate is represented in the standard computational basis by the matrix

\[\text{PRX}(\theta, \phi) = \exp(-i (X \cos (2 \pi \; \phi) + Y \sin (2 \pi \; \phi)) \: \pi \; \theta) = \text{RZ}(\phi) \: \text{RX}(\theta) \: \text{RZ}^\dagger(\phi),\]

where \(\theta\) = angle_t, \(\phi\) = phase_t, and \(X\) and \(Y\) are Pauli matrices.

Example

Instruction(name='prx', qubits=('bob',), args={'angle_t': 0.7, 'phase_t': 0.25})

CC_PRX

Classically controlled PRX gate. Takes four arguments. angle_t and phase_t are exactly as in PRX. feedback_key is a string that identifies the measure instruction whose result controls the gate (the one that shares the feedback key). feedback_qubit is the name of the physical qubit within the measure instruction that produces the feedback. If the measurement result is 1, the PRX gate is applied. If it is 0, an identity gate of similar time duration gate is applied instead. The measurement instruction must precede the classically controlled gate instruction in the quantum circuit.

CZ

Controlled-Z gate. Represented in the standard computational basis by the matrix

\[\text{CZ} = \text{diag}(1, 1, 1, -1).\]

It is symmetric wrt. the qubits it’s acting on, and takes no arguments.

Example

Instruction(name='cz', qubits=('alice', 'bob'), args={})

MOVE

The MOVE operation is a unitary population exchange operation between a qubit and a resonator. Its effect is only defined in the invariant subspace \(S = \text{span}\{|00\rangle, |01\rangle, |10\rangle\}\), where it swaps the populations of the states \(|01\rangle\) and \(|10\rangle\). Its effect on the orthogonal subspace is undefined.

MOVE has the following presentation in the subspace \(S\):

\[\text{MOVE}_S = |00\rangle \langle 00| + a |10\rangle \langle 01| + a^{-1} |01\rangle \langle 10|,\]

where \(a\) is an undefined complex phase that is canceled when the MOVE gate is applied a second time.

To ensure that the state of the qubit and resonator has no overlap with \(|11\rangle\), it is recommended that no single qubit gates are applied to the qubit in between a pair of MOVE operations.

Example

Instruction(name='move', qubits=('alice', 'resonator'), args={})

Note

MOVE is only available in quantum computers with the IQM Star architecture.

Barrier

A barrier instruction affects the physical execution order of the instructions elsewhere in the circuit that act on qubits spanned by the barrier. It ensures that any such instructions that succeed the barrier are only executed after all such instructions that precede the barrier have been completed. Hence it can be used to guarantee a specific causal order for the other instructions. It takes no arguments, and has no other effect.

Example

Instruction(name='barrier', qubits=('alice', 'bob'), args={})

Note

One-qubit barriers will not have any effect on circuit’s compilation and execution. Higher layers that sit on top of IQM Client can make actual use of one-qubit barriers (e.g. during circuit optimization), therefore having them is allowed.

Attributes

model_config	Configuration for the model, should be a dictionary conforming to [ConfigDict][pydantic.config.ConfigDict].
name	name of the quantum operation
implementation	name of the implementation, for experimental use only
qubits	names of the locus components (typically qubits) the operation acts on
args	arguments for the operation

Methods

args_validator(value, info)	Check argument names and types for a given instruction
implementation_validator(value)	Check if the implementation of the instruction is set to a non-empty string.
name_validator(value)	Check if the name of instruction is set to one of the supported quantum operations.
qubits_validator(value, info)	Check if the instruction has the correct number of qubits for its operation.

implementation: StrictStr | None

name of the implementation, for experimental use only

qubits: Locus

names of the locus components (typically qubits) the operation acts on

args: dict[str, Any]

arguments for the operation

name: str

name of the quantum operation

classmethod name_validator(value)

Check if the name of instruction is set to one of the supported quantum operations.

classmethod implementation_validator(value)

Check if the implementation of the instruction is set to a non-empty string.

classmethod qubits_validator(value, info: ValidationInfo)

Check if the instruction has the correct number of qubits for its operation.

Parameters:

info (ValidationInfo) –

classmethod args_validator(value, info: ValidationInfo)

Check argument names and types for a given instruction

Parameters:

info (ValidationInfo) –

model_config: ClassVar[ConfigDict] = {}

Configuration for the model, should be a dictionary conforming to [ConfigDict][pydantic.config.ConfigDict].

Parameters:

• name (str) –

• implementation (str | None) –

• qubits (tuple[str, ...]) –

• args (dict[str, Any]) –